CENELEC EN 50527-1 Procedure for the assessment of the exposure to electromagnetic fields of workers bearing active implantable medical devices - Part 1: General
Данный раздел/документ содержится в продуктах:
- Техэксперт: Машиностроительный комплекс
- Картотека зарубежных и международных стандартов
- CEN EN 45502-1 Active Implantable Medical Devices - Part 1: General Requirements for Safety, Marking and Information to Be Provided by the Manufacturer
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- CENELEC EN 50525-3-21 Electric cables - Low voltage energy cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V (U0/U) - Part 3-21: Cables with special fire performance - Flexible cables with halogen-free crosslinked insulation, and low emission of smoke
- CENELEC EN 50363-6 Insulating, sheathing and covering materials for low voltage energy cables Part 6: Halogen-free, cross-linked sheathing compounds - Incorporates Amendment A1: 2011
- CENELEC EN 50363-0 Insulating, sheathing and covering materials for low-voltage energy cables - Part 0: General introduction
- CENELEC HD 21.7 S1 Polyvinyl Chloride Insulated Cables of Rated Voltages up to and Including 450/750V Part 7: Single Core Non-Sheathed Cables for Internal Wiring for a Conductor Temperature of 90 Degrees Celsius
- CENELEC EN 50525-1 Electric cables - Low voltage energy cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V (U0/U) - Part 1: General requirements
- CENELEC EN 50525-2-42 Electric cables - Low voltage energy cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V (U0/U) - Part 2-42: Cables for general applications - Single core non-sheathed cables with crosslinked EVA insulation
- CENELEC EN 50396 Non electrical test methods for low voltage energy cables - Incorporates Amendment A1: 2011
- CENELEC EN 60332-1-3 Tests on electric and optical fibre cables under fire conditions Part 1-3: Test for vertical flame propagation for a single insulated wire or cable - Procedure for determination of flaming droplets/particles - Incorporates Amendment A1: 2015
- BSI BS EN 62368-1 Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment Part 1: Safety requirements - CORR: April 30, 2015; CORR: June 30, 2015
- CENELEC EN 50360 Product standard to demonstrate the compliance of mobile phones with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields (300 MHz - 3 GHz) - Incorporating Corrigendum July 2006; Incorporates Amendment A1: 2012
- CENELEC EN 62209-1 Human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-mounted wireless communication devices – Human models, instrumentation, and procedures Part 1: Procedure to determine the specific absorption rate (SAR) for hand-held devices used in close proximity to the ear (frequency range of 300 MHz to 3 GHz)
- CENELEC EN 50360 Product standard to demonstrate the compliance of mobile phones with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields (300 MHz - 3 GHz) - Incorporating Corrigendum July 2006; Incorporates Amendment A1: 2012
- BSI BS EN 62368-1 Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment Part 1: Safety requirements - CORR: April 30, 2015; CORR: June 30, 2015
- CENELEC EN 60332-1-3 Tests on electric and optical fibre cables under fire conditions Part 1-3: Test for vertical flame propagation for a single insulated wire or cable - Procedure for determination of flaming droplets/particles - Incorporates Amendment A1: 2015
- CENELEC EN 50396 Non electrical test methods for low voltage energy cables - Incorporates Amendment A1: 2011
- CENELEC EN 50525-2-42 Electric cables - Low voltage energy cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V (U0/U) - Part 2-42: Cables for general applications - Single core non-sheathed cables with crosslinked EVA insulation
- CENELEC EN 50525-1 Electric cables - Low voltage energy cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V (U0/U) - Part 1: General requirements
- CENELEC HD 21.7 S1 Polyvinyl Chloride Insulated Cables of Rated Voltages up to and Including 450/750V Part 7: Single Core Non-Sheathed Cables for Internal Wiring for a Conductor Temperature of 90 Degrees Celsius
- CENELEC EN 50363-0 Insulating, sheathing and covering materials for low-voltage energy cables - Part 0: General introduction
- CENELEC EN 50363-6 Insulating, sheathing and covering materials for low voltage energy cables Part 6: Halogen-free, cross-linked sheathing compounds - Incorporates Amendment A1: 2011
- CENELEC EN 50363-6 Insulating, sheathing and covering materials for low voltage energy cables Part 6: Halogen-free, cross-linked sheathing compounds - Incorporates Amendment A1: 2011
- CENELEC EN 50363-0 Insulating, sheathing and covering materials for low-voltage energy cables - Part 0: General introduction
- CENELEC HD 21.7 S1 Polyvinyl Chloride Insulated Cables of Rated Voltages up to and Including 450/750V Part 7: Single Core Non-Sheathed Cables for Internal Wiring for a Conductor Temperature of 90 Degrees Celsius
- CENELEC EN 50525-1 Electric cables - Low voltage energy cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V (U0/U) - Part 1: General requirements
- CENELEC EN 50525-2-42 Electric cables - Low voltage energy cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V (U0/U) - Part 2-42: Cables for general applications - Single core non-sheathed cables with crosslinked EVA insulation
- CENELEC EN 50396 Non electrical test methods for low voltage energy cables - Incorporates Amendment A1: 2011
- CENELEC EN 60332-1-3 Tests on electric and optical fibre cables under fire conditions Part 1-3: Test for vertical flame propagation for a single insulated wire or cable - Procedure for determination of flaming droplets/particles - Incorporates Amendment A1: 2015
- BSI BS EN 62368-1 Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment Part 1: Safety requirements - CORR: April 30, 2015; CORR: June 30, 2015
- CENELEC EN 50360 Product standard to demonstrate the compliance of mobile phones with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields (300 MHz - 3 GHz) - Incorporating Corrigendum July 2006; Incorporates Amendment A1: 2012
- CENELEC EN 62209-1 Human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-mounted wireless communication devices – Human models, instrumentation, and procedures Part 1: Procedure to determine the specific absorption rate (SAR) for hand-held devices used in close proximity to the ear (frequency range of 300 MHz to 3 GHz)
- CENELEC EN 50360 Product standard to demonstrate the compliance of mobile phones with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields (300 MHz - 3 GHz) - Incorporating Corrigendum July 2006; Incorporates Amendment A1: 2012
- BSI BS EN 62368-1 Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment Part 1: Safety requirements - CORR: April 30, 2015; CORR: June 30, 2015
- CENELEC EN 60332-1-3 Tests on electric and optical fibre cables under fire conditions Part 1-3: Test for vertical flame propagation for a single insulated wire or cable - Procedure for determination of flaming droplets/particles - Incorporates Amendment A1: 2015
- CENELEC EN 50396 Non electrical test methods for low voltage energy cables - Incorporates Amendment A1: 2011
- CENELEC EN 50525-2-42 Electric cables - Low voltage energy cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V (U0/U) - Part 2-42: Cables for general applications - Single core non-sheathed cables with crosslinked EVA insulation
- CENELEC EN 50525-1 Electric cables - Low voltage energy cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V (U0/U) - Part 1: General requirements
- CENELEC HD 21.7 S1 Polyvinyl Chloride Insulated Cables of Rated Voltages up to and Including 450/750V Part 7: Single Core Non-Sheathed Cables for Internal Wiring for a Conductor Temperature of 90 Degrees Celsius
- CENELEC EN 50363-0 Insulating, sheathing and covering materials for low-voltage energy cables - Part 0: General introduction
- CENELEC EN 50363-0 Insulating, sheathing and covering materials for low-voltage energy cables - Part 0: General introduction
- CENELEC HD 21.7 S1 Polyvinyl Chloride Insulated Cables of Rated Voltages up to and Including 450/750V Part 7: Single Core Non-Sheathed Cables for Internal Wiring for a Conductor Temperature of 90 Degrees Celsius
- CENELEC EN 50525-1 Electric cables - Low voltage energy cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V (U0/U) - Part 1: General requirements
- CENELEC EN 50525-2-42 Electric cables - Low voltage energy cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V (U0/U) - Part 2-42: Cables for general applications - Single core non-sheathed cables with crosslinked EVA insulation
- CENELEC EN 50396 Non electrical test methods for low voltage energy cables - Incorporates Amendment A1: 2011
- CENELEC EN 60332-1-3 Tests on electric and optical fibre cables under fire conditions Part 1-3: Test for vertical flame propagation for a single insulated wire or cable - Procedure for determination of flaming droplets/particles - Incorporates Amendment A1: 2015
- BSI BS EN 62368-1 Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment Part 1: Safety requirements - CORR: April 30, 2015; CORR: June 30, 2015
- CENELEC EN 50360 Product standard to demonstrate the compliance of mobile phones with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields (300 MHz - 3 GHz) - Incorporating Corrigendum July 2006; Incorporates Amendment A1: 2012
- CENELEC EN 62209-1 Human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-mounted wireless communication devices – Human models, instrumentation, and procedures Part 1: Procedure to determine the specific absorption rate (SAR) for hand-held devices used in close proximity to the ear (frequency range of 300 MHz to 3 GHz)
- CENELEC EN 50360 Product standard to demonstrate the compliance of mobile phones with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields (300 MHz - 3 GHz) - Incorporating Corrigendum July 2006; Incorporates Amendment A1: 2012
- BSI BS EN 62368-1 Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment Part 1: Safety requirements - CORR: April 30, 2015; CORR: June 30, 2015
- CENELEC EN 60332-1-3 Tests on electric and optical fibre cables under fire conditions Part 1-3: Test for vertical flame propagation for a single insulated wire or cable - Procedure for determination of flaming droplets/particles - Incorporates Amendment A1: 2015
- CENELEC EN 50396 Non electrical test methods for low voltage energy cables - Incorporates Amendment A1: 2011
- CENELEC EN 50525-2-42 Electric cables - Low voltage energy cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V (U0/U) - Part 2-42: Cables for general applications - Single core non-sheathed cables with crosslinked EVA insulation
- CENELEC EN 50525-1 Electric cables - Low voltage energy cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V (U0/U) - Part 1: General requirements
- CENELEC HD 21.7 S1 Polyvinyl Chloride Insulated Cables of Rated Voltages up to and Including 450/750V Part 7: Single Core Non-Sheathed Cables for Internal Wiring for a Conductor Temperature of 90 Degrees Celsius
- CENELEC HD 21.7 S1 Polyvinyl Chloride Insulated Cables of Rated Voltages up to and Including 450/750V Part 7: Single Core Non-Sheathed Cables for Internal Wiring for a Conductor Temperature of 90 Degrees Celsius
- CENELEC EN 50525-1 Electric cables - Low voltage energy cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V (U0/U) - Part 1: General requirements
- CENELEC EN 50525-2-42 Electric cables - Low voltage energy cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V (U0/U) - Part 2-42: Cables for general applications - Single core non-sheathed cables with crosslinked EVA insulation
- CENELEC EN 50396 Non electrical test methods for low voltage energy cables - Incorporates Amendment A1: 2011
- CENELEC EN 60332-1-3 Tests on electric and optical fibre cables under fire conditions Part 1-3: Test for vertical flame propagation for a single insulated wire or cable - Procedure for determination of flaming droplets/particles - Incorporates Amendment A1: 2015
- BSI BS EN 62368-1 Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment Part 1: Safety requirements - CORR: April 30, 2015; CORR: June 30, 2015
- CENELEC EN 50360 Product standard to demonstrate the compliance of mobile phones with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields (300 MHz - 3 GHz) - Incorporating Corrigendum July 2006; Incorporates Amendment A1: 2012
- CENELEC EN 62209-1 Human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-mounted wireless communication devices – Human models, instrumentation, and procedures Part 1: Procedure to determine the specific absorption rate (SAR) for hand-held devices used in close proximity to the ear (frequency range of 300 MHz to 3 GHz)
- CENELEC EN 50360 Product standard to demonstrate the compliance of mobile phones with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields (300 MHz - 3 GHz) - Incorporating Corrigendum July 2006; Incorporates Amendment A1: 2012
- BSI BS EN 62368-1 Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment Part 1: Safety requirements - CORR: April 30, 2015; CORR: June 30, 2015
- CENELEC EN 60332-1-3 Tests on electric and optical fibre cables under fire conditions Part 1-3: Test for vertical flame propagation for a single insulated wire or cable - Procedure for determination of flaming droplets/particles - Incorporates Amendment A1: 2015
- CENELEC EN 50396 Non electrical test methods for low voltage energy cables - Incorporates Amendment A1: 2011
- CENELEC EN 50525-2-42 Electric cables - Low voltage energy cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V (U0/U) - Part 2-42: Cables for general applications - Single core non-sheathed cables with crosslinked EVA insulation
- CENELEC EN 50525-1 Electric cables - Low voltage energy cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V (U0/U) - Part 1: General requirements
- CENELEC EN 50525-1 Electric cables - Low voltage energy cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V (U0/U) - Part 1: General requirements
- CENELEC EN 50525-2-42 Electric cables - Low voltage energy cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V (U0/U) - Part 2-42: Cables for general applications - Single core non-sheathed cables with crosslinked EVA insulation
- CENELEC EN 50396 Non electrical test methods for low voltage energy cables - Incorporates Amendment A1: 2011
- CENELEC EN 60332-1-3 Tests on electric and optical fibre cables under fire conditions Part 1-3: Test for vertical flame propagation for a single insulated wire or cable - Procedure for determination of flaming droplets/particles - Incorporates Amendment A1: 2015
- BSI BS EN 62368-1 Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment Part 1: Safety requirements - CORR: April 30, 2015; CORR: June 30, 2015
- CENELEC EN 50360 Product standard to demonstrate the compliance of mobile phones with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields (300 MHz - 3 GHz) - Incorporating Corrigendum July 2006; Incorporates Amendment A1: 2012
- CENELEC EN 62209-1 Human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-mounted wireless communication devices – Human models, instrumentation, and procedures Part 1: Procedure to determine the specific absorption rate (SAR) for hand-held devices used in close proximity to the ear (frequency range of 300 MHz to 3 GHz)
- CENELEC EN 50360 Product standard to demonstrate the compliance of mobile phones with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields (300 MHz - 3 GHz) - Incorporating Corrigendum July 2006; Incorporates Amendment A1: 2012
- BSI BS EN 62368-1 Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment Part 1: Safety requirements - CORR: April 30, 2015; CORR: June 30, 2015
- CENELEC EN 60332-1-3 Tests on electric and optical fibre cables under fire conditions Part 1-3: Test for vertical flame propagation for a single insulated wire or cable - Procedure for determination of flaming droplets/particles - Incorporates Amendment A1: 2015
- CENELEC EN 50396 Non electrical test methods for low voltage energy cables - Incorporates Amendment A1: 2011
- CENELEC EN 50525-2-42 Electric cables - Low voltage energy cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V (U0/U) - Part 2-42: Cables for general applications - Single core non-sheathed cables with crosslinked EVA insulation
- CENELEC EN 50525-2-42 Electric cables - Low voltage energy cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V (U0/U) - Part 2-42: Cables for general applications - Single core non-sheathed cables with crosslinked EVA insulation
- CENELEC EN 50396 Non electrical test methods for low voltage energy cables - Incorporates Amendment A1: 2011
- CENELEC EN 60332-1-3 Tests on electric and optical fibre cables under fire conditions Part 1-3: Test for vertical flame propagation for a single insulated wire or cable - Procedure for determination of flaming droplets/particles - Incorporates Amendment A1: 2015
- BSI BS EN 62368-1 Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment Part 1: Safety requirements - CORR: April 30, 2015; CORR: June 30, 2015
- CENELEC EN 50360 Product standard to demonstrate the compliance of mobile phones with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields (300 MHz - 3 GHz) - Incorporating Corrigendum July 2006; Incorporates Amendment A1: 2012
- CENELEC EN 62209-1 Human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-mounted wireless communication devices – Human models, instrumentation, and procedures Part 1: Procedure to determine the specific absorption rate (SAR) for hand-held devices used in close proximity to the ear (frequency range of 300 MHz to 3 GHz)
- CENELEC EN 50360 Product standard to demonstrate the compliance of mobile phones with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields (300 MHz - 3 GHz) - Incorporating Corrigendum July 2006; Incorporates Amendment A1: 2012
- BSI BS EN 62368-1 Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment Part 1: Safety requirements - CORR: April 30, 2015; CORR: June 30, 2015
- CENELEC EN 60332-1-3 Tests on electric and optical fibre cables under fire conditions Part 1-3: Test for vertical flame propagation for a single insulated wire or cable - Procedure for determination of flaming droplets/particles - Incorporates Amendment A1: 2015
- CENELEC EN 50396 Non electrical test methods for low voltage energy cables - Incorporates Amendment A1: 2011
- CENELEC EN 50396 Non electrical test methods for low voltage energy cables - Incorporates Amendment A1: 2011
- CENELEC EN 60332-1-3 Tests on electric and optical fibre cables under fire conditions Part 1-3: Test for vertical flame propagation for a single insulated wire or cable - Procedure for determination of flaming droplets/particles - Incorporates Amendment A1: 2015
- BSI BS EN 62368-1 Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment Part 1: Safety requirements - CORR: April 30, 2015; CORR: June 30, 2015
- CENELEC EN 50360 Product standard to demonstrate the compliance of mobile phones with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields (300 MHz - 3 GHz) - Incorporating Corrigendum July 2006; Incorporates Amendment A1: 2012
- CENELEC EN 62209-1 Human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-mounted wireless communication devices – Human models, instrumentation, and procedures Part 1: Procedure to determine the specific absorption rate (SAR) for hand-held devices used in close proximity to the ear (frequency range of 300 MHz to 3 GHz)
- CENELEC EN 50360 Product standard to demonstrate the compliance of mobile phones with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields (300 MHz - 3 GHz) - Incorporating Corrigendum July 2006; Incorporates Amendment A1: 2012
- BSI BS EN 62368-1 Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment Part 1: Safety requirements - CORR: April 30, 2015; CORR: June 30, 2015
- CENELEC EN 60332-1-3 Tests on electric and optical fibre cables under fire conditions Part 1-3: Test for vertical flame propagation for a single insulated wire or cable - Procedure for determination of flaming droplets/particles - Incorporates Amendment A1: 2015
- CENELEC EN 60332-1-3 Tests on electric and optical fibre cables under fire conditions Part 1-3: Test for vertical flame propagation for a single insulated wire or cable - Procedure for determination of flaming droplets/particles - Incorporates Amendment A1: 2015
- BSI BS EN 62368-1 Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment Part 1: Safety requirements - CORR: April 30, 2015; CORR: June 30, 2015
- CENELEC EN 50360 Product standard to demonstrate the compliance of mobile phones with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields (300 MHz - 3 GHz) - Incorporating Corrigendum July 2006; Incorporates Amendment A1: 2012
- CENELEC EN 62209-1 Human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-mounted wireless communication devices – Human models, instrumentation, and procedures Part 1: Procedure to determine the specific absorption rate (SAR) for hand-held devices used in close proximity to the ear (frequency range of 300 MHz to 3 GHz)
- CENELEC EN 50360 Product standard to demonstrate the compliance of mobile phones with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields (300 MHz - 3 GHz) - Incorporating Corrigendum July 2006; Incorporates Amendment A1: 2012
- BSI BS EN 62368-1 Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment Part 1: Safety requirements - CORR: April 30, 2015; CORR: June 30, 2015
- BSI BS EN 62368-1 Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment Part 1: Safety requirements - CORR: April 30, 2015; CORR: June 30, 2015
- CENELEC EN 50360 Product standard to demonstrate the compliance of mobile phones with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields (300 MHz - 3 GHz) - Incorporating Corrigendum July 2006; Incorporates Amendment A1: 2012
- CENELEC EN 62209-1 Human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-mounted wireless communication devices – Human models, instrumentation, and procedures Part 1: Procedure to determine the specific absorption rate (SAR) for hand-held devices used in close proximity to the ear (frequency range of 300 MHz to 3 GHz)
- CENELEC EN 50360 Product standard to demonstrate the compliance of mobile phones with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields (300 MHz - 3 GHz) - Incorporating Corrigendum July 2006; Incorporates Amendment A1: 2012
- CENELEC EN 50360 Product standard to demonstrate the compliance of mobile phones with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields (300 MHz - 3 GHz) - Incorporating Corrigendum July 2006; Incorporates Amendment A1: 2012
- CENELEC EN 62209-1 Human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-mounted wireless communication devices – Human models, instrumentation, and procedures Part 1: Procedure to determine the specific absorption rate (SAR) for hand-held devices used in close proximity to the ear (frequency range of 300 MHz to 3 GHz)
- CENELEC EN 62209-1 Human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-mounted wireless communication devices – Human models, instrumentation, and procedures Part 1: Procedure to determine the specific absorption rate (SAR) for hand-held devices used in close proximity to the ear (frequency range of 300 MHz to 3 GHz)
- BSI BS EN 50527-2-1 Procedure for the assessment of the exposure to electromagnetic fields of workers bearing active implantable medical devices Part 2-1: Specific assessment for workers with cardiac pacemakers
- Картотека зарубежных и международных стандартов
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Procedure for the assessment of the exposure to electromagnetic fields of workers bearing active implantable medical devices - Part 1: General
N EN 50527-1
Annotation
This European Standard provides a procedure to assess the risk to workers bearing one or more active implantable medical devices from exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields at a workplace. It describes how a general risk assessment should be performed and determines whether it is necessary to carry out a detailed risk assessment.
NOTE 1 This European Standard does not cover indirect effects caused by non active implants.
NOTE 2 The risk of human exposure to EMF considered is only due to malfunctioning of AIMD. Possibilities of AIMD contribution to the risk, e.g. local modification of the distribution of EMF produced by external source or production of own EMF, are covered by the respective product standards for the AIMD. Based on specific workplace standards it can be determined whether preventive measures/actions need to be taken to comply with the provisions of Directive 2013/35/EU. The work situation covered is considered to be under normal working conditions including normal operation, maintenance, cleaning and other situations being part of the normal work.
The frequencies covered are from 0 Hz to 300 GHz.
The European Parliament and Council Directive 2013/35/EU will be transposed into national legislation in all the EU member countries. It is recommended that users of this standard consult the national legislation related to this transposition in order to identify the national regulations and requirements. These national regulations and requirements may have additional requirements that are not covered by this standard and take precedence.
NOTE 3 Performance requirements with respect to active implantable medical devices are excluded from the Scope of this standard. These are defined in the relevant particular standards for active implantable medical devices.



